Nearly 1 billion people worldwide are suffering from high blood pressure, according to the latest research by scientists worldwide.
Medical experts refer to hypertension as the "silent killer" because two-thirds of patients do not notice any symptoms until they experience severe complications like brain hemorrhage or heart attack. The following discoveries may help you recognize the warning signs to prevent this dangerous condition.
Recent studies have shown that hypertension is quite prevalent among individuals aged 40 and above. If you are over 40 and experience symptoms like dizziness, headaches, frequent nosebleeds, or shortness of breath, you should consider the possibility of high blood pressure. If you experience chest pain, you should see a cardiologist, as this could be a typical sign of myocardial ischemia, one of the complications of hypertension.
2. Blurred Vision, Blindness
Similar to diabetes, high blood pressure can damage small blood vessels in the retina. As a result, one of the symptoms of hypertension is the potential blockage of blood vessels in the eyes, internal eye bleeding, optic disc swelling, and impaired vision.
According to Dr. Doan Hong Dung from the National Eye Hospital, retinal vein occlusion is commonly found in patients with hypertension, diabetes, vascular diseases due to aging, and high blood lipid levels. The most common symptom is a sudden loss of vision. The macula, the central part of the retina, is essential for reading and seeing fine details. When substances accumulate in the macula, patients start experiencing blurred vision. If you notice these symptoms, you should consult a doctor for immediate treatment.
3. Cerebral Ischemia
Hypertensive encephalopathy usually presents symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness, seizures, coma, and severe headaches.
Typically, when diastolic pressure (the lower number) reaches 120mmHg or higher, emergency treatment is required, and at 130mmHg or higher, it is considered highly dangerous. Systolic pressure (the upper number) at 210 or above is also considered urgent and life-threatening.
In special cases, based on symptoms and other clinical data, doctors may decide on emergency treatment at lower or higher levels than the suggested figures above.
4. Kidney Failure, Kidney Swelling
For a long time, medical science has known that hypertension can damage the kidneys, leading to a pathological condition called vascular fibrosis, which gradually worsens if left untreated, resulting in kidney failure.
Conversely, some diseases affecting kidney tissues, glomeruli, renal tubules, interstitial tissues, or renal blood vessels, either acquired or inherited, can cause hypertension. In such cases, it is termed secondary hypertension.
It is estimated that 3% of the US population suffers from kidney disease, 70% of whom have hypertension. In Vietnam, according to the Department of Nephrology and Urology at Bach Mai Hospital (in 2000), 86.7% of dialysis patients had hypertension, and 72.9% of inpatients in the department had venous insufficiency.
5. Arterial Inflammation and Blockage
A sudden spike in blood pressure can cause arterial damage, inflammation, or blockage, leading to brain hemorrhage or stroke. These complications are life-threatening or can result in severe disabilities with symptoms like facial, arm, or leg numbness, especially unilateral paralysis. Sudden speech difficulties or inability to understand others can also occur. Prolonged symptoms may cause paralysis; mild cases result in mobility issues, while severe cases lead to a vegetative state.
- Advice for Hypertension Patients
Diet Recommendations: | Lifestyle Recommendations: |
- Generally, eat three meals a day; avoid snacking. - Avoid fried foods and limit fat intake, especially animal fat. Steaming or boiling is preferable. - Avoid stimulants such as tea, coffee, and tobacco. - Eat plenty of green vegetables to provide fiber, use vegetable oils instead of animal fat, and consume products made from grains, fruits, and dairy. - Among meats, prioritize fish, followed by poultry, and lastly beef, pork, and lamb. - Limit salt intake, salty sauces, and sodium-rich foods like dried shrimp, salted duck eggs, salted lemons, and shredded pork. | - Quit smoking: This is the most effective measure to prevent both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases in people with hypertension. - Avoid alcohol: There is evidence showing a strong correlation between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of stroke. - Increase physical activity: Reduce obesity. People who lead sedentary lives should engage in regular moderate exercise such as brisk walking or swimming for 30-45 minutes, 3-4 times a week. |
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MST: 0312025507, issued on October 26, 2012, issued by the Department of Planning and Investment of Ho Chi Minh City - Business Registration Office